Scientists are still exploring the root causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), so there are currently no medications that specifically “treat” ASD or all its symptoms; however, medications can assist with managing some symptoms and behaviors that accompany ASD, such as anxiety or aggression. This will explore the options available to you and some thoughts around ASD and medicine.
What medications are available?
The FDA has approved some antipsychotic drugs for treating irritability associated with ASD. Other medications can be used to help other symptoms and behaviors of ASD, but are not specifically recommended for this purpose.
With any medication, you should always first speak with your child’s healthcare provider. Also, keep in mind that not every medication will help every person with ASD, and that medications carry risks. Because ASD is a spectrum disorder, every child is unique and will respond differently to different medications. Your child’s healthcare provider may adjust the dosage or combinations of medications to best target the specific needs of your child.
Here are some categories of medications that may be considered. Please consult with your healthcare provider and the FDA for more information about specific medications within the drug categories below.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): SSRIs are a class of antidepressant medication and can help reduce the frequency and intensity of repetitive behaviors, decrease anxiety, irritability, tantrums and aggressive behavior, and/or improve eye contact.
- Tricyclics: These medications fall into the antidepressant class and are often used to address depression as well as obsessive-compulsive behavior.
- Psychoactive or antipsychotic medication: This group of medications may decrease hyperactivity, reduce some stereotypical behaviors and minimize some withdrawal and aggression in certain cases of ASD.
- Stimulants: This group of medications can help your child focus and can help decrease hyperactivity. They can be particularly helpful for children with mild ASD symptoms or who have a co-occurring condition alongside their ASD, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Anti-anxiety medications: These medications can relieve anxiety as well as panic disorders, which are often associated with ASD.
- Anticonvulsants: This group of medications address seizures and seizure disorders like epilepsy. Some research estimates a 20% likelihood of epilepsy among those with ASD.
Nutrition for autism
There is no conclusive research that suggests removing certain ingredients or food groups from your child’s diet will directly improve behaviors or symptoms associated with ASD. That being said, a balanced diet consisting of high fiber, lots of water, whole grains, lean proteins, and lots of fruits and vegetables are always recommended, as these factors can help improve digestion, slow the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream and increase the presence of vitamins and minerals.
Some individuals with ASD may struggle with eating and trying new foods, so try to reduce pressure around new foods and make sure your child knows they always have safe foods available.
Behavior therapy for ASD
Studies have shown that medication for ASD is most effective when combined with behavioral therapies like applied behavior analysis (ABA). ABA is often used in home settings, schools and clinics to help your child learn positive behaviors and reduce negative behaviors. ABA is a type of interpersonal therapy in which a child works with a practitioner 1:1 to improve social skills and self-care, as well as self-regulation and advocacy.
When medication and ABA work together, families often see meaningful progress in their child’s ability to communicate, adapt and thrive. While the journey can take time, combining these approaches offers a supportive path forward for both children and caregivers.
For more information on ABA therapy services available near you, please contact your local Maxim office.
